AVOIDANCE LEARNING: Borderline Narcissist Avoidant Treatment
As we have seen, learning theorists regard human beings as capable of learning
two sorts of relationships: the Pavlovian relationship-what goes with
what-and the operant relationship-what to do in order to get what you
want. There are many situations in which both sorts of learning go on at the
same time. Prominent among such situations is learning to avoid aversive events.
In an avoidance situation, two relationships have to be learned: (1)
what predicts the aversive event, and (2) how to get away. The avoidance situation
combines both a Pavlovian relationship and an operant relationship.
To investigate avoidance, behavior theorists typically place a rat in a twocompartment
chamber called a shuttlebox. After a while, a tone is turned on.
Ten seconds after the tone has gone on, an electric shock is delivered
through the floor of the apparatus. If the rat runs to the other side of the
shuttlebox before the shock comes on, the tone terminates and the shock is
prevented from occurring. Rats, dogs, and people usually learn to avoid
shock altogether in these circumstances. In order to avoid the shock, the
subject must learn two relationships (Mowrer, 1948; Reseorla and Solomon,
1967): (l) He must learn that the tone predicts shock, and he must
become afraid of the tone. This is a Pavlovian relationship in which the CS
is tone, the US is shock, and the CR is fear. (2) Having learned to fear the
tone, he must learn what to do about it. He must learn that running to the
other side of the shuttlebox terminates the fearful tone and prevents the
shock from occurring. This is an operant relationship in which the discriminative
stimulus is the tone, the operant is running to the other side of the
shuttlebox, and the reinforcer is the termination of fear and the omission of shock.
An understanding of avoidance learning helps in the treatment of certain psycho-pathologies.
The behavioral view of Borderline Narcissist Avoidant
and Obsessive-Compulsive disorders...
for example, involves the concept of avoidance learning. According to this
view, the obsessive-compulsion checker believes that by engaging in the
compulsive behavior ofchecking the stove several hundred times a day, she
can prevent disaster from befalling her family. In this case, the occurrence
and persistence of the compulsion may be explained by avoidance learning.
Behavior therapists often use both operant and Pavlovian relationships.
Recall Steven, the chronic alcoholic who came to hate the taste of vodka
after he received vomit-inducing ipecac. Whenever Steven made the operant
response of reaching for vodka, he felt queasy and withdrew his hand. By
Pavlovian conditioning, the taste of bourbon had become nauseating. By
operant conditioning, Steve had learned that withdrawing his hand from the
bottle of vodka would reduce his queasiness.
BPD APD NPD Treatment explained here:
http://treating-borderline-personality.weebly.com
More info below:
Healing the Unconscious...Looking for therapy?
For the spouse of a Borderline
For Borderline patients or BPD APD NPD
The Treatment method I recommend
is The Liberator Method.
Click here:
http://www.theliberatormethod.com/Welcome.html
http://treating-borderline-personality.weebly.com
More info below:
Healing the Unconscious...Looking for therapy?
For the spouse of a Borderline
For Borderline patients or BPD APD NPD
The Treatment method I recommend
is The Liberator Method.
Click here:
http://www.theliberatormethod.com/Welcome.html